100+ Roofing Terminologies for Illinois Roofers [Updated Nov 2025]

The Illinois roofing exam is difficult to pass, especially when you don't know the terminology. We collected the roofing terminologies you need to pass the Illinois roofing exam. You might already have heard these terms from a roofer or read about them in a book during exam prep.

It's a good time as any to start learning if you haven't read about them. We've divided the terminology into categories based on its general use and implications. For a better understanding, we highly recommend cross-referencing these with real images of houses.

Structural and Load-Related Terms

These are basic roofing terms that every new and experienced roofer should know. Some of these are self-explanatory, while others require in-depth analysis.

• Dead Load: Permanent weight from materials and structure.
• Live Load: Temporary weight, such as snow or maintenance workers.
• Wind Uplift Resistance: The roof's ability to resist upward wind pressure.
• Positive Drainage: Roof drainage that clears water within 48 hours.
• Deflection: Bending movement of structural components under load.
• Span Rating: Maximum allowable spacing between structural supports.
• Racking Resistance: Ability of a roof structure to resist lateral forces.
• Shear Strength: Resistance of fasteners or materials to sliding forces.
• Load Path: The route that structural loads travel to the ground.
• Thermal Stress: Stress created by expansion and contraction from temperature changes.

Roof Design and Structural Components

These are common terms for roof design and structure. They're related more to the sections of a roof and how each section plays it part.

• Roof Assembly: Complete set of components making up a roof system.
• Thermal Movement: Dimensional changes due to temperature fluctuations.
• Roof Curbs: Raised frames for mounting mechanical units or skylights.
• Parapet Wall: Wall extending above the edge of a roof surface.
• Coping: Protective cap installed on top of a parapet wall.
• Cant Strip: Triangular support used at angle transitions on roofs.
• Cricket: A ridge-shaped structure diverting water around roof penetrations.
• Saddle: A smaller water-diverting structure similar to a cricket.
• Fire Rating Class A: Highest level of fire resistance for roofing materials.
• Fire Rating Class B: Moderate level of fire resistance for roofing materials.
• Fire Rating Class C: Basic level of fire resistance for roofing materials.
• Roof to Wall Transition: Area where the roof meets the wall requiring flashing.
• Thermal Barrier: Material used to slow heat transfer into the building.
• Expansion Joint: Separation that allows independent building movement.
• Roof Slope Ratio: Numerical measurement of roof pitch.

Roofing Materials and Insulation

All of the following are general terms for roofing materials. You must understand them to get a better grasp of concepts for the exam:

• Underlayment High Temp: Underlayment designed for high heat conditions.
• Underlayment Low Temp: Underlayment for areas without extreme heat exposure.
• Base Sheet: Foundation sheet used in multi-ply roofing systems.
• Cap Sheet: Top protective sheet in modified bitumen systems.
• Polyiso Insulation: Rigid insulation board with high thermal resistance.
• Extruded Polystyrene XPS: Moisture-resistant rigid insulation material.
• Roof Deck: Structural surface that supports the roof system.
• Self-Adhered Membrane: Peel-and-stick waterproof membrane system.
• Air Barrier: Material used to restrict airflow through assemblies.
• Breather Vent: Vent that releases trapped moisture vapor.
• Slip Sheet: Material preventing membrane bonding to the substrate.
• Vapor Retarder Class I: Material with very low vapor permeability.
• Vapor Retarder Class II: Material with moderate vapor diffusion control.
• Vapor Retarder Class III: Material allowing limited vapor transmission.
• Bitumen: Asphalt or coal-tar binder used in roofing.
• Flashing Cement: Mastic is used for sealing flashing and roof edges.
• Aggregate Surfacing: Stone or gravel used to protect BUR systems.

Low-Slope Roofing Systems

These are important terms for low-slope roofing systems. These terms are crucial for aspiring roofing contractors in Illinois:

• Fully Adhered System: Single-ply membrane glued to substrate.
• Mechanically Fastened System: Membrane secured using fasteners.
• Ballasted System: Membrane held in place using stone ballast.
• TPO Thermoplastic Olefin: Heat-weldable single-ply membrane.
• EPDM Roofing: Synthetic rubber single-ply membrane.
• PVC Roofing: Vinyl-based heat-welded membrane.
• Seam Probe: A tool for testing membrane seam weld strength.
• Bituminous BUR: Built-up roofing using layers of bitumen and felt.
• Modified Bitumen APP: Torch-applied modified asphalt membrane.
• Modified Bitumen SBS: Rubber-modified asphalt membrane.
• Cool Roof Rating: Score measuring reflectivity and emissivity.
• Gravel Stop: Edge metal preventing displacement of ballast.
• Water Cutoff: Temporary seal during phased installation.
• Tapered Insulation System: Sloped insulation designed for drainage.
• Roof Drain Bowl: A Component that collects roof water.
• Clamping Ring: Part securing the membrane at the roof drains.

Steep-Slope Roofing Terms

The Illinois roofing license exam tests your knowledge on both low and steep-roofing systems. You should know these terms if you want to survive in the roofing industry.

• Starter Course: First row of shingles installed at eaves.
• Starter Strip: Pre-manufactured starter shingle strip.
• Closed Cut Valley: Valley system using overlapping shingles.
• Open Valley: Valley exposing metal flashing.
• Weep Holes: Openings allowing trapped water to escape.
• Kick Out Flashing: Flashing diverts water away from walls.
• Box Vent: Static roof exhaust vent.
• Ridge Vent: Continuous exhaust vent at the ridge.
• Underlayment Lap: Overlap distance required between courses.
• Thermal Splitting: Heat-induced splitting of shingles.
• Shingle Delamination: Separation of laminated shingle layers.
• Roof Cricket at Chimney: Diverter behind chimney structures.
• Gable End Vent: Vent installed at gable walls.

Flashing and Waterproofing Components

Flashing looks simple on the surface, but trust us when we say it's not. You, as a roofer, must understand the terms and components that make flashing work.

• Step Flashing: Flashing pieces interwoven with shingles.
• Counterflashing: Flashing covering step flashing.
• Reglet: Groove in masonry to receive flashing.
• Termination Bar: Bar securing membrane edges.
• Expansion Joint Cover: Cover for building movement joints.
• Pan Flashing: Flashing under skylights or sills.
• Scupper: Drain opening through parapet walls.
• Overflow Drain: Backup drainage system for emergencies.
• Continuous Cleat: Metal strip for securing edge flashing.
• Drip Edge: Metal flashing guiding water off the roof.

Fasteners and Attachment

Every licensed roofing contractor should know these terms. Cross-reference them with images if you're having a hard time remembering them.

• Corrosion-Resistant Fasteners: Fasteners designed to resist rust.
• Ring Shank Nail: Nail with ridges improving grip.
• Cap Nail: Nail with a cap used for underlayments.
• Plate Fasteners: Fasteners used in single-ply systems.
• Pneumatic Fastening: Fastening using compressed air tools.
• Coil Nail: Nails supplied in coil form.
• Stainless Steel Fastener: Fasteners are highly resistant to corrosion.

Ventilation and Moisture Control

You can't get a limited or unlimited roofing license without a thorough understanding of the following terms.

• Net Free Vent Area: Total open area for ventilation airflow.
• Soffit Vent: Intake vent located at eaves.
• Attic Bypass: Path allowing warm air to escape into attics.
• Ice Dam: Ridge of ice causing water backup.
• Dew Point: Temperature when condensation forms.
• Moisture Intrusion: Water penetrating roof systems.
• Balanced Ventilation Ratio: Proper mix of intake and exhaust ventilation.
• Vapor Diffusion: Movement of water vapor through materials.
• Soffit Blocking: Blocks preventing air leakage into the attic.
• Intake Ventilation Strip: Continuous intake vent at eaves.
• Exhaust Ventilation Turbine: Spinning vent drawing air upward.

Codes, Testing, and Inspection

These terms are related to building codes, guidelines, and roofing permits. You can't work without a permit or in violation of a code, so start reading.

• UL Listing: Certification verifying product safety performance.
• ASTM Standard: Industry standards defining material performance.
• FM Global Approval: Approval for wind and fire performance.
• Core Cut: Removing the roof sample for inspection.
• Infrared Moisture Scan: Test for moisture using heat signatures.
• Pullout Test: Test measuring fastener resistance.
• Roof Replacement Scope: Document defining replacement requirements.
• Roof Recover: Installing new roofing over existing layers.
• Wind Zone Classification: Category defining local wind pressures.

Advanced Roofing Components and Defects

These terms cover various roofing defects and components. Every experienced roofing contractor should know these terms like the back of their hand.

• Sealant Curing: Hardening process of applied sealant.
• Counter Batten System: Battens installed to create ventilation space.
• Ice and Water Shield: Self-adhered membrane preventing water intrusion.
• Nail Base Insulation: Insulation board topped with OSB.
• Deck Deficiency: Problem requiring deck repair.
• Fascia Board: Board at the roof edge supporting gutters.
• Drip Edge Kick: Angle directing water away from fascia.
• Cricket Diverter: Water-diverting structure on steep roofs.
• Elastomeric Coating: Flexible protective roof coating.
• Fluid Applied Membrane: Liquid-applied waterproofing.
• Torch Application: Roof adhesion method using flame.
• Cold Adhesive System: Adhesive-based membrane installation.
• Roof Anchor: Fall protection attachment point.
• Mansard Roof Section: Roof with double-slope sides.
• Hip Rafter: Rafter at external roof corners.
• Valley Rafter: Rafter at interior roof valleys.
• Snow Load Rating: Roof capacity for snow weight.
• Air Sealing: Process of closing gaps to stop airflow.
• Insulation R Value: Insulation effectiveness rating.
• Membrane Shrinkage: Contraction of the membrane over time.
• Fishmouth: Raised wrinkle in roofing materials.
• Blistering: Bubbles caused by air or moisture.
• Fastener Backout: Fasteners rising from the substrate.
• Ponding Condition: Water standing longer than 48 hours.
• Thermal Bridging: Heat transfer through conductive materials.
• Deck Diaphragm: Deck acting to resist lateral forces.
• Heat Welding: Joining thermoplastic materials with heat.

Test Your Knowledge With a Practice Roofing Exam

Attempt a practice roofing exam when you understand some or all of these terms. It will help you test your knowledge, including weak and strong areas. Plus, the practice exam is completely free!

If you failed the test, don't worry and get back to studying. No one gets everything right on their first attempt. As long as you have the will and the determination to fulfill your goals, no one can stop you.

Feeling overwhelmed? Join our exam prep course. Our crash courses are designed to clarify your concepts. We help you pass the exam, fill out the forms, and stand out in the industry. Contact us today to book your seat in our next session!